Everything about Ernest Duke Of Austria totally explained
Ernest the Iron, officially
Ernest, Duke of Inner Austria (
German:
Ernst der Eiserne;
1377 -
June 10,
1424) was the ruler of
Styria,
Carinthia and
Carniola (collectively
Inner Austria) from 1406 until his death. He was a member of the
Habsburg dynasty, of the
Leopoldian line, whose head of the family he was from 1411 to 1424.
Ernest was born in
Bruck an der Mur,
Styria, the third son of
Leopold III, Duke of Inner Austria. After the death of his father in the
Battle of Sempach in
1386, he stood under the guardianship of
Albert III. In
1401 he accompanied the German King
Rupert on his campaign in
Italy. Upon the death of their eldest brother
William, Duke of Inner Austria in 1406, the remaining three brothers agreed about the future partition of their patrimony. In the separation agreement of
1406, Ernest received
Styria,
Carinthia and
Carniola, and jointly with his elder brother
duke Leopold IV (the head of the Leopoldian line), held the guardianship over young
Albert V, Duke of Austria. In
1407, conflicts between Leopold and Ernest resulted in a civil war that lasted until May
1409. When Leopold died without a male heir in 1411, Ernest became the uncontested head of the Leopoldian family. In
1414, he became the last Duke to be enthroned according to the
traditional rite in Carinthia, and from that time on called himself
Archduke. He was the first Habsburg to actually use this title, which had been invented by
Rudolf IV.
He was made a member of the
Order of the Dragon, but later became bitter with Emperor
Sigismund from
1412 onwards when his brother
Frederick IV, Duke of Further Austria (ruler of Tirol) was banned by the Emperor in
1417, Ernest first attempted to gain control over Frederick's territories himself, but then came to an agreement with him and successfully defended
Tirol against the Emperor's pretensions.
Ernest died at Bruck an der Mur, and was buried in the
Cistercian monastery of
Rein. His nickname
the Iron only came into use after his death.
Family and children
On
14 January,
1392, Ernest married his first wife
Margaret, Princess of Pomerania. She was a daughter of
Bogusław V, Duke of Pomerania and his second wife Adelheid of
Brunswick-Grubenhagen. They had no children. She died in 1407 or 1410 according to contradictory necrologies.
On
25 January,
1412, Ernest married his second wife
Cymburgis of Masovia, who was his equal in vitality and with whom he'd nine children:
- Duke Frederick V (21 September 1415 – 19 August 1493)
- Margarete (1416/17 – 12 February 1486), married on 3 June 1431 to Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
- Duke Albrecht VI (18 December 1418 – 2 December 1463)
- Alexander (d. 1420)
- Rudolf (d. before 1424)
- Katharina (1424 – 11 September 1493), married on 15 July 1447 to Charles I, Margrave of Baden-Baden
- Leopold (d. before 1424)
- Anna (d. 11 November 1429)
- Ernst II (d. 10 August 1432)
As the ruler of
Inner Austria and the founder of the older Styrian Line of the Habsburg family, which, by his son
Duke Frederick V survived the
Albertinian-Austrian and the Tyrolean Lines, he became the ancestor of all later Habsburg emperors.
Ancestry
Further Information
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